Pasea por el corazón de Rusia con esta emocionante excursión al Kremlin y tres de las principales catedrales. Esta ciudad histórica ha conseguido librarse de su temible reputación y sus cinco palacios y cuatro catedrales pueden recibir visitas, lo que te permitirá hacerte una idea del opulento estilo de vida de los zares y los dictadores soviéticos.
La palabra Kremlin en ruso significa 'fortaleza', y esta fortaleza invencible es la cuna de la ciudad, con sus murallas desafiantes protegiéndola durante siglos. En la actualidad sigue siendo la sede del poder en Rusia. Más que un solo monumento, el Kremlin es una enigmática y ecléctica selección de iglesias, palacios, plazas, murallas y torres, que ofrece un amplio abanico de muestras de artes decorativas y aplicadas.
Maravíllate ante la impresionante muralla medieval y observa las torres que todavía hoy velan por el conjunto. Admira las magníficas iglesias y catedrales con sus relucientes bóvedas de cebolla. Te quedarás asombrado ante la belleza del Gran Palacio del Kremlin y el encantador Palacio de Poteshny. Después visita el fuerte para ver de cerca la campana del zar, la más grande del mundo. La campana se rompió durante un incendio, y nunca la han hecho sonar, pero sigue siendo una obra digna de ver.
Continúa hacia la monumental plaza de la catedral, la Sobornaya, para observar con todo lujo de detalle la catedral de la Dormición, la catedral de la Anunciación y la catedral del Arcángel. Allí también encontrarás el Palacio de las Facetas, la iglesia de la Deposición del Manto de la Virgen y la iglesia de los Doce Apóstoles, además del imponente campanario de Iván el Grande.
Pasa una mañana inolvidable explorando la fantástica colección de arte en el principal museo de obras de arte extranjeras de Rusia mientras visitas el Museo de Bellas Artes Pushkin.
El exterior del museo Pushkin recuerda a muchos otros grandes museos europeos construidos durante el periodo de finales del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX. Sus impresionantes y emblemáticas columnas fueron copiadas de la Acrópolis griega, tan popular en la época. El museo fue construido sobre un terreno concedido a la Universidad de Moscú y fue fundado por el gran científico ruso y profesor de la Universidad de Moscú, Iván Tsvetaev. La gran ceremonia de apertura, en el centenario de la derrota de Napoleón, contó con la presencia del zar Nicolás II, y aunque originalmente fue planificado como un depósito de réplicas pertenecientes a la universidad, se convirtió en museo a medida que las colecciones de arte egipcio y europeo crecían, especialmente tras la Revolución Bolchevique cuando las colecciones privadas se “nacionalizaron”.
Date una vuelta alrededor y admira las numerosas exposiciones diferentes que abarcan desde fascinantes artefactos de civilizaciones antiguas como Grecia o Egipto hasta una increíble colección de obras impresionistas y posimpresionistas. También podrás contemplar de cerca obras maestras de artistas italianos, flamencos, alemanes y franceses, como por ejemplo Retrato de anciana de Rembrandt y varias obras de Botticelli y Veronese. Descubre los Tesoros de Troya, una reserva de oro que data del 2500 a.C., y maravíllate con las obras del impresionismo francés y de los posimpresionistas Van Gogh, Cezanne, Gauguin y Matisse.
Adéntrate y descubre un mundo subterráneo a medida que exploramos la historia, el arte y las historias del metro y los búnkeres en esta excursión única por Moscú.
Viaja en el magnífico metro, como ningún otro en el mundo. Sus resplandecientes estaciones no dejarán de asombrarte. La compleja red de túneles y vías datan de la década de 1930 y abarca 188 estaciones, muchas de las cuales parecen palacios glamurosos de mármol y granito. Fantásticos frescos e intrincados mosaicos adornan muchas de las estaciones mientras que los andenes están iluminados con arañas de cristal increíbles. Otras cuentan con estatuas curiosas o elaboradas vidrieras que hacen de este ¡un verdadero e inolvidable mundo subterráneo!
Después exploraremos un búnker militar que en su día albergó a 600 personas durante la Guerra Fría. La entrada discreta oculta la inmensidad de los 7000 metros cuadrados del complejo situado bajo las calles. Desciende los 60 metros y prepárate para entrar en el mundo secreto de la intrigante era soviética durante la Guerra Fría. Este sorprendente edificio de hormigón, diseñado para acoger a las autoridades en caso de un ataque nuclear, ha sido reconvertido en un museo fascinante en el que conocerás todos los detalles acerca de los conflictos entre los EE.UU. y la URSS e incluso podrás sentir los efectos de la explosión de una bomba nuclear. Contempla algunas armas asombrosas de aquel periodo así como el impresionante sistema de comunicaciones. Después de toda esta emoción subterránea, qué mejor forma de entrar en calor que con un chupito de vodka y un tentempié típico en un café de estilo ruso.
Descubre la fascinante ciudad de Moscú con esta excursión en autobús turístico descapotable de dos pisos y explora la ciudad a tu ritmo con la posibilidad de subir y bajar del mismo en paradas de autobús convenientemente ubicadas.
La excursión comienza en la famosa Plaza Roja de Moscú, el corazón palpitante de Rusia cuyas calles conectan como arterias Moscú con el resto del país. Al fondo de la plaza, vislumbraremos una de las obras arquitectónicas más famosas del mundo, la catedral de ensueño de San Basilio con sus coloridas cúpulas con forma de cebolla. Observa la impresionante catedral de Cristo Salvador, la iglesia ortodoxa más alta del mundo y localiza el curiosamente diminuto mausoleo de Lenin. Atraviesa el puente Bolshoy Moskvoretsky prestando atención a su construcción en granito rosa.
Bájate en el Museo Estatal de Bellas Artes Pushkin con sus columnas que imitan a las de la Acrópolis, y que alberga una increíble colección de obras de arte extranjeras como la impresionante colección de obras impresionistas o posimpresionistas. A continuación súbete de nuevo para ir a ver el Teatro Bolshoi de estilo neoclásico. Más tarde quizás quieras atreverte a ver uno de las actuaciones increíbles de la compañía de ballet más famosa del mundo. Visita el curioso edificio Octubre Rojo, lugar de la original chocolatería y bájate en una de las estaciones de metro más antiguas para observar su rico interior.
Aventúrese en las profundidades y descubra los secretos subterráneos de Moscú en este emocionante tour a pie. Explore la extraordinaria red de metro de la capital rusa, con sus impresionantes obras de arte y su decoración de estilo soviético antes de descender y entrar en un búnker militar de los años 50 del siglo pasado, en plena Guerra Fría. Es una visita fascinante a unos lugares de esta ciudad fascinante que muy pocos turistas llegan a ver.
La red de metro de Moscú es una de las más largas y concurridas del mundo, y las autoridades soviética no repararon en gastos en su construcción. El diseño de las estaciones es magnífico, con una decoración ornamentada y unas obras de arte impresionantes, entre las que hay vidrieras y mosaicos, esculturas de bronce, murales, y lámparas de cristal. En este recorrido a pie podrá admirar algunas de las estaciones más destacadas de la larga red en una visita inolvidable.
Después de subir para tomar aire, es el momento de volver a descender y disfrutar de otra intensa experiencia subterránea. Se adentrará en un misterioso búnker militar del que incluso los moscovitas saben poco. Este laberinto de túneles y habitaciones subterráneas se construyó en los años 50 del siglo pasado en el punto álgido de la Guerra Fría como forma de comunicación entre los ministerios en caso de un ataque nuclear.
Recorrerá la red de túneles en la que llegaron a vivir y trabajar 600 personas hasta el final de la Guerra Fría, mientras su experto guía le cuenta todos los detalles de esta fascinante época de la historia rusa, cuando el miedo a una guerra nuclear dominaba la psique de la nación. Después volverá a la superficie para recobrar fuerzas con unas deliciosas tartas caseras y bollos o un trago de vodka ruso en un café local.
Cálzate unas buenas botas y prepárate para ver el auténtico Moscú en esta fresca y divertida ruta a pie por la ciudad. En este recorrido por el Moscú histórico, verás la ciudad desde una perspectiva única con ayuda de un guía local que conoce toda la información desde dentro. La ruta empieza en el monumento dedicado al fundador de Moscú, Yuri Dolgorukiy. Pasea por las calles más céntricas y encantadoras –algunas de las cuales tienen varios cientos de años– en las que se alinean famosas mansiones, teatros y restaurantes.
Esta introducción a Moscú es la manera perfecta de sumergirse en la ciudad y tu guía moscovita te contará todo lo que quieras saber. Explora la Duma del Estado –sede del Parlamento ruso– y el Teatro Bolshoi. Descubre la Plaza Roja y el histórico Kremlin. Admira el famoso hotel Metropol. Recorre los lugares más famosos de la ciudad, incluidas las torres de las iglesias ortodoxas coronadas por las características cúpulas doradas, que se elevan audaces entre los edificios de la era soviética conocidos como las Siete Hermanas de Stalin.
Moscú es una fuente inagotable de fascinación para los aficionados a la arquitectura, ya que cuenta con algunos de los edificios más ornamentados y fabulosos del planeta, a menudo muy próximos a los fríos bloques de la era soviética. Es esta yuxtaposición la que enriquece de verdad el espíritu de Moscú. Dando un paseo a orillas del río Moscova, te encontrarás con la Catedral de Cristo Redentor, una de las más grandes del mundo. Termina con una taza de té o café acompañada por un tentempié casero tradicional en una cafetería.
Visit Moscow’s main arts and design districts, ArtPlay and Winzavod Browse through one-of-a-kind creations made by local artisans. Visit a shop that features artwork by autistic children Hunt for rare records in a vinyl store filled with collector’s editions Stop for a snack in Moscow’s only vegan café.
Take a trip through modern Moscow, checking out the best of the city’s arts and culture. Browse shops selling goods by local artisans, uncover cool finds in design, and explore the galleries that make up Moscow’s modern art movement. Along the way, snack like a true hipster at the city’s only vegan café. Your Moscow tour will start by taking you to the ArtPlay district, the first neighbourhood of its kind in the city, inspired by London’s galleries that occupy former industrial spaces. ArtPlay is home to Moscow’s trendiest studios, shops, and cafés, and we’ll visit a shop where local artisans sell handmade earrings, bracelets, and clothing, as well as old postcards, pins, and other finds.
We’ll also browse through a shop where they sell cups and t-shirts with prints made by autistic children. From there, we’ll take a snack break with a stop at the only vegan place in the city, with a great atmosphere and super delicious food. If the weather’s nice, we’ll gather in their small outdoor garden — but even if we can’t go outside, don’t worry as they have a very hip and stylish cafeteria.
Along the way, you’ll also learn a bit about recycling in Russia, as here is one of few places where they accept rubbish to recycle. We’ll move on to a few art houses, including the British Higher School of Design and Winzavod, the centre of modern arts and a former wine factory. We’ll visit several galleries situated within the property, which regularly change exhibits and always surprise guests with something original. While we’re here, you may want to check out a local shop selling vinyl records. You can find rare collector records, as well as some modern editions — a true highlight for vinyl lovers! There are also a few souvenir shops with extraordinary finds — bring your spending money for gifts to bring back home!
At the end of the tour, if you’re feeling hungry, you can stay for a meal at the marvelous café, with tasty dishes and welcoming staff. Otherwise, your guide will accompany you to the closest metro station, leaving you free to explore more of Moscow on your own.
Get out of the guidebook and into local life in Moscow, with a new take on the typical spots Taste a cheburek and find out why locals love them so much Hear stories of how city sites — everything from monuments to a McDonald’s — have been influenced by soviet history Retreat to a quiet secret spot away from the bustle of Moscow See iconic sites like Pushkinskaya Square, Red Square, and St. Basil’s Cathedral.
You can’t go to Moscow and miss the classic sites like Red Square and St. Basil’s Cathedral — but that doesn’t mean you have to see them like a tourist! Get a local’s perspective on Russia’s emperor days, soviet history, and modern-dayMoscow with stops at the classic landmarks, but paired with detours into the spots only locals know.
Your Moscow tour will start at Pushkinskaya Square, a main spot for locals to gather and meet. It is the epicentre of many of Moscow’s historical layers: here you’ll find a monument to Pushkin, the main figure of Russian literature and the big macho of his times; the avantgarde building of the former main soviet newspaper; and even the first McDonald’s in Russia. These “landmarks” all come from very different periods of Russian history, and convey a lot what was happening in the country during their eras.
From there, we’re going 100% authentic with a taste of local Russian fast food. We’ll visit a spot that’s popular for selling chebureks, deep-fried pastries filled with minced meat. (Don’t worry if you’re meat-averse — for vegetarians there are chebureks with potatoes and cheese.) Wash it down with a traditional Russian soft drink or tea, and find out why the locals love this place. This snack spot is rarely visited by tourists, so you’re getting the true taste of local life!
After our short snack stop, your Moscow tour will continue with a visit to the most unlikely of beautiful sites: a grocery store! Not just any grocery store, though — Eliseevsky is famous for luxurious, neo-baroque interiors.
Go beneath the streets on this tour of the spectacular, mind-bending Moscow Metro! Be awed by architecture and spot the propaganda, then hear soviet stories from a local in the know. Finish it all up above ground, looking up to Stalin’s skyscrapers, and get the inside scoop on what’s gone on behind those walls.
We begin our Moscow tour beneath the city, exploring the underground palace of the Moscow Metro. From the Square of Revolution station, famous for its huge statues of soviet people (an armed soldier, a farmer with a rooster, a warrior, and more), we’ll move onto some of the most significant stations, where impressive mosaics, columns, and chandeliers will boggle your eyes! Moreover, these stations reveal a big part of soviet reality — the walls depict plenty of propaganda, with party leaders looking down from images on the walls. Your local guide will share personal stories of his/her family from USSR times, giving you insight into Russia’s complicated past and present.
Then we’re coming back up to street level, where we’ll take a break and refuel with some Russian fast food: traditional pancakes, called bliny. And then, stomachs satiated, we are ready to move forward!
We’ll take the eco-friendly electric trolleybus, with a route along the Moscow Garden Ring. Used mainly by Russian babushkas (grannies) during the day, the trolleybus hits peak hours in the mornings and evenings, when many locals use it going to and from their days.
Our first stop will be the Aviator’s House, one of Stalin’s Seven Sisters, followed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs — and you’ll hear the legends of what has gone on inside the walls.
Throughout your Moscow tour, you’ll learn curious facts from soviet history while seeing how Russia exists now, 25 years after the USSR.
HIGHLIGHTS:
Explore the spectacular stations of the Moscow Metro, one of the world’s most beautiful subway systems
Hear personal stories of soviet Russia, told by a local guide
Sample bliny, a Russian fast food treat
Hop on the local trolleybus for a ride alongside Moscow residents
See Stalin’s Seven Sisters and hear the legends of what went on inside the walls
Red Square is also home to Lenin’s Mausoleum and features Russian Army parades on various holidays throughout the year. The word “Kremlin” in Russian means fortress, and in early Rus every important town had a fortress encircled by a wall where the main buildings, churches, and cathedrals were located and protected. The Moscow fortress, the cradle of the city, is the main fortress in the country and has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. Built in the 12th century, it took the form we know today in the 15th century. It is an excellent reflection of the different stages of Russian art; a single monumental centre of architecture, painting, and decorative and applied arts.
The best craftsmen and artists worked on its churches, cathedrals, and palaces, bequeathing to us their priceless work framing the power and fame of Russia that is concentrated in its unforgettable alleyways and different sections. The Kremlin is even today the seat of some of the main political and religious government bodies: the President’s Palace, different administrative and military buildings such as the Senate and Armoury, and also numerous churches and cathedrals. Its walls, 19 meters high and 2235 meters long, tower above the Moskva River and Red Square and are made from eight kilogram bricks.
We will visit the fortress, enjoying the view of the world’s biggest "tsar bell", forged in 1733, and the "tsar cannon", one of the biggest guns ever made in the entire world. Forged in 1586 by Andrew Chokhov, its purpose was to defend the gate of the Spasskaya tower, though it has never been used. The Cathedral Square is an architectural jewel, flanked by the Dormition Cathedral, the Cathedral of the Annunciation, and the Cathedral of the Archangel.
The ideal way to get in touch with the city, including its historical centre and major monuments. We will stroll along the broad avenues, making our way through the famous Tverskaya Street to the top of Sparrow Hills, under the imposing stare of Lomonosov University, one of the Stalin-era skyscrapers scattered throughout the city. From there we will admire an impressive panorama of the city, followed by a stop at Victory Park and another in front of Novodevichy Convent and its lake, the inspiration for Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake. We will approach the historical centre from the banks of the Moskva River, coming out near the White House, location of the siege of the Russian Government. We will also stop at Arbat Street, a busy pedestrian thoroughfare nicknamed the “Moscow Montmartre” because of the artist that used to live in the area and the painters that nowadays populate the street.
We will pass in front of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, the Parliament Building (Duma), Bolshoi Theatre, and the imposing facade of Lubyanka, headquarters of the KGB. We will continue through the alleyways of the ancient merchant district Kitai-Gorod, which contains numerous small churches, finally arriving at Red Square, undoubtedly one of the most beautiful in the world and designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. It was named Red, or “Krasnaya” in Russian, which in Old Russian was a synonym of “beautiful.” Now the square is surrounded by the famous buildings of the Russian Historical Museum, the Kremlin, and Saint Basil’s Cathedral with its gorgeous onion domes, built by order of Ivan the Terrible.
The ideal way to get in touch with the city, including its historical centre and major monuments.
We will stroll along the broad avenues, making our way through the famous Tverskaya Street to the top of Sparrow Hills, under the imposing stare of Lomonosov University, one of the Stalin-era skyscrapers scattered throughout the city. From there we will admire an impressive panorama of the city, followed by a stop at Victory Park and another in front of Novodevichy Convent and its lake, the inspiration for Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake. We will approach the historical centre from the banks of the Moskva River, coming out near the White House, location of the siege of the Russian Government. We will also stop at Arbat Street; a busy pedestrian thoroughfare nicknamed the “Moscow Montmartre” because of the artist that used to live in the area and the painters that nowadays populate the street.
We will pass in front of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, the Parliament Building (Duma), Bolshoi Theatre, and the imposing facade of Lubyanka, headquarters of the KGB. We will continue through the alleyways of the ancient merchant district Kitai-Gorod, which contains numerous small churches, finally arriving at Red Square, undoubtedly one of the most beautiful in the world and designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. It was named Red, or “Krasnaya” in Russian, which in Old Russian was a synonym of “beautiful.” Now the square is surrounded by the famous buildings of the Russian Historical Museum, the Kremlin, and Saint Basil’s Cathedral with its gorgeous onion domes, built by order of Ivan the Terrible. Red Square is also home to Lenin’s Mausoleum and features Russian Army parades on various holidays throughout the year.
Opened on May 15, 1935, by the Soviet government as a symbol of the technological and industrial prowess of the political system, the Moscow metro was considered to be the "People’s Palace." The most important artists of the period took part in its decoration, and materials were brought from all corners of the country, representing the union of the Soviet people. The metro is still the city’s main transportation artery and even one of the most important in the world, with its 200 kilometers of railway lines and 145 stations. We will visit the most important stations decorated with luxurious materials: more than 20 types of marble, granite, and onyx, as well as paintings, majolica, glass, mural paintings, mosaics, etc.
The ideal way to get in touch with the city, including its historical centre and major monuments.
We will stroll along the broad avenues, making our way through the famous Tverskaya Street to the top of Sparrow Hills, under the imposing stare of Lomonosov University, one of the Stalin-era skyscrapers scattered throughout the city. From there we will admire an impressive panorama of the city, followed by a stop at Victory Park and another in front of Novodevichy Convent and its lake, the inspiration for Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake. We will approach the historical centre from the banks of the Moskva River, coming out near the White House, location of the siege of the Russian Government.
We will also stop at Arbat Street, a busy pedestrian thoroughfare nicknamed the “Moscow Montmartre” because of the artist that used to live in the area and the painters that nowadays populate the street. We will pass in front of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, the Parliament Building (Duma), Bolshoi Theatre, and the imposing facade of Lubyanka, headquarters of the KGB. We will continue through the alleyways of the ancient merchant district Kitai-Gorod, which contains numerous small churches, finally arriving at Red Square, undoubtedly one of the most beautiful in the world and designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
It was named Red, or “Krasnaya” in Russian, which in Old Russian was a synonym of “beautiful.” Now the square is surrounded by the famous buildings of the Russian Historical Museum, the Kremlin, and Saint Basil’s Cathedral with its gorgeous onion domes, built by order of Ivan the Terrible. Red Square is also home to Lenin’s Mausoleum and features Russian Army parades on various holidays throughout the year.
The capital transforms itself after sunset, offering an absolute different view at night than the one during daylight hours: stunning and recently installed illumination enhances the beauty of the severe and imposing Stalinist facades, while the magnificent Orthodox churches sparkle. The banks of the Moskva River offer this alternative vision of the city, to be discovered only after the sun goes down.
The ideal way to get in touch with the city, including its historical centre and major monuments. We will stroll along the broad avenues, making our way through the famous Tverskaya Street to the top of Sparrow Hills, under the imposing stare of Lomonosov University, one of the Stalin-era skyscrapers scattered throughout the city. From there we will admire an impressive panorama of the city, followed by a stop at Victory Park and another in front of Novodevichy Convent and its lake, the inspiration for Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake. We will approach the historical centre from the banks of the Moskva River, coming out near the White House, location of the siege of the Russian Government.
We will also stop at Arbat Street, a busy pedestrian thoroughfare nicknamed the “Moscow Montmartre” because of the artist that used to live in the area and the painters that nowadays populate the street. We will pass in front of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, the Parliament Building (Duma), Bolshoi Theatre, and the imposing facade of Lubyanka, headquarters of the KGB. We will continue through the alleyways of the ancient merchant district Kitai-Gorod, which contains numerous small churches, finally arriving at Red Square, undoubtedly one of the most beautiful in the world and designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. It was named Red, or “Krasnaya” in Russian, which in Old Russian was a synonym of “beautiful.” Now the square is surrounded by the famous buildings of the Russian Historical Museum, the Kremlin, and Saint Basil’s Cathedral with its gorgeous onion domes, built by order of Ivan the Terrible. Red Square is also home to Lenin’s Mausoleum and features Russian Army parades on various holidays throughout the year.
The ideal way to get in touch with the city, including its historical centre and major monuments. We will stroll along the broad avenues, making our way through the famous Tverskaya Street to the top of Sparrow Hills, under the imposing stare of Lomonosov University, one of the Stalin-era skyscrapers scattered throughout the city. From there we will admire an impressive panorama of the city, followed by a stop at Victory Park and another in front of Novodevichy Convent and its lake, the inspiration for Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake. We will approach the historical centre from the banks of the Moskva River, coming out near the White House, location of the siege of the Russian Government. We will also stop at Arbat Street, a busy pedestrian thoroughfare nicknamed the “Moscow Montmartre” because of the artist that used to live in the area and the painters that nowadays populate the street. We will pass in front of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, the Parliament Building (Duma), Bolshoi Theatre, and the imposing facade of Lubyanka, headquarters of the KGB.
We will continue through the alleyways of the ancient merchant district Kitai-Gorod, which contains numerous small churches, finally arriving at Red Square, undoubtedly one of the most beautiful in the world and designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. It was named Red, or “Krasnaya” in Russian, which in Old Russian was a synonym of “beautiful.” Now the square is surrounded by the famous buildings of the Russian Historical Museum, the Kremlin, and Saint Basil’s Cathedral with its gorgeous onion domes, built by order of Ivan the Terrible. Red Square is also home to Lenin’s Mausoleum and features Russian Army parades on various holidays throughout the year. This unrivalled gallery was named after its founder, the famous trader Pavel Tretyakov (1832-1898), a major sponsor of 19th century Russian art.
Tretyakov’s dream was to build a large museum open to everyone regardless of class or wealth, with a significant collection of exhibits designed to help people understand and admire the history of Russian art. The project materialized in 1881 with the inauguration of the gallery as Tretyakov donated more than 2000 exhibits to the gallery from his own collection in Moscow, beginning the history of what today is an impressive museum featuring more than 130000 works of art created by Russian artists, an overall historical narrative of Russian painting from the 11th century until the present. Its treasure is its collection of icons, while among its best known pieces are the Byzantine “Virgin of Vladimir", attributed to St. Luke according to the legend, and the masterpiece of Andrei Rublev called the "Trinity".